Otherwise unexplained infertility in the couple.
Pain related to the varicocele
Varicocele treatment is recommended for adolescents with progressive failure of testicular development documented by serial clinical examination.
Abnormal semen analysis results
The male partner has abnormal semen parameters
The couple has known infertility
The varicocele is palpable on physical examination of the scrotum
Infertility duration of ≥2 years
Oligospermia
Clinical varicocele
The female partner has normal fertility or a potentially treatable cause of infertility, and time to conception is not a concern
A desire for future fertility
