Most patients diagnosed with prostate cancer have normal DRE results but abnormal PSA readings
40 or 45 years of age for African Americans and men who have had a first-degree relative diagnosed with prostate cancer before age 65 years
No PSA level guarantees the absence of prostate cancer.
False-negative results often occur, so multiple biopsies may be needed before prostate cancer is detected
Biopsy establishes the diagnosis
The risk of disease increases as the PSA level increases, from about 8% with PSA levels of ≤1.0 ng/mL to about 25% with PSA levels of 4-10 ng/mL and over 50% for levels over 10 ng/mL
50 years of age for men at average risk who have at least a 10-year life expectancy
DRE is examiner-dependent, and serial examinations over time are best
40 years of age for men with several first-degree relatives who had prostate cancer at an early age
