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1. On physical examination, testicular positions were as follows:
2. At surgery, testicular findings were as follows:
3. Associated anomalies and conditions may include the following:

Upper scrotum - 15.3%

Patent processus vaginalis

Upper scrotum - 8%

Nonpalpable - 32.8%

At the tubercle - 34.7%

Abdominal wall defects (eg, gastroschisis, omphalocele, prune belly syndrome)

Mental retardation

Abnormal epididymis

Intra-abdominal - 9%

Peeping testis - 20%

Suspected ectopia - 5.4%

Tubercle - 42%

Absent or atrophic - 9%

Above the tubercle - 11.8%

Superficial inguinal pouch (SIP)/ectopic - 12%