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1. The main reasons for treating symptoms of the menopausal transition and actual menopause are as follows:
2. In the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), greater safety and possible benefit from hormone or estrogen therapy for women in their 50s, with potential harm for older women, were observed with respect to the following
3. Administration routes for hormone therapy are as follows:
4. Contraindications for estrogen therapy include the following:

To lower the risk of disease

To improve quality of life

To preserve bone

Vaginal route cream, ring, or tablet for vaginal symptoms

Pregnancy

Severe liver disease

Colorectal cancer

Global index of chronic diseases

Total myocardial infarction

Total mortality

To provide relief of vasomotor symptoms

To reduce the risk of unwanted pregnancy

Oral

Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding

Transdermal

Personal history of breast cancer

To avoid the irregularity of menstrual cycles

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Topical

Venous thrombosis