Sir
Thomas
Willis
described
achalasia
in
1672
.
In
1881
,
von
Mikulicz
____________________
the
disease
as
a
cardiospasm
to
indicate
that
____________________
symptoms
were
due
to
a
functional
problem
rather
____________________
a
mechanical
one
.
In
1929
,
Hurt
and
Rake
realized
____________________
the
disease
was
caused
by
a
failure
of
the
____________________
esophageal
sphincter
(
LES
)
to
relax
.
They
coined
the
term
achalasia
,
____________________
failure
to
relax
.
Achalasia
is
a
primary
esophageal
motility
____________________
characterized
by
the
absence
of
esophageal
peristalsis
and
impaired
LES
relaxation
____________________
response
to
swallowing
.
The
LES
is
hypertensive
in
about
50%
____________________
patient
s
