Coarse rhonchi and wheezing may be heard on auscultation
Elevated jugular venous pulse (JVP)
Breathlessness: The most significant symptom, but usually does not occur until the sixth decade of life
Cough, usually worse in the mornings and productive of a small amount of colorless sputum
Hyperresonance on percussion
Patients may be obese
The chest may be hyperresonant, and wheezing may be heard
Peripheral edema
Wheezing – Frequently heard on forced and unforced expiration
Cyanosis
Hyperinflation (barrel chest)
Patients may have signs of right heart failure (ie, cor pulmonale), such as edema and cyanosis
Wheezing: May occur in some patients, particularly during exertion and exacerbations
Diffusely decreased breath sounds
Frequent cough and expectoration are typical
Use of accessory muscles of respiration is common
Tachypnea and respiratory distress with simple activities
Use of accessory respiratory muscles and paradoxical indrawing of lower intercostal spaces (Hoover sign)
Prolonged expiration
Patients may be very thin with a barrel chest
Patients typically have little or no cough or expectoration
Coarse crackles beginning with inspiration in some cases
Heart sounds are very distant