Pathophysiology
Cholangiocarcinomas
arise
from
the
intrahepatic
or
____________________
biliary
epithelium
.
More
than
90%
are
adenocarcinomas
,
and
the
____________________
are
squamous
cell
tumors
.
The
etiology
of
most
bile
duct
cancers
remains
undetermined
.
Long
-
standing
inflammation
,
as
with
primary
sclerosing
cholangitis
(
PSC
)
or
chronic
parasitic
infection
,
has
been
____________________
to
play
a
role
by
inducing
hyperplasia
,
cellular
____________________
,
and
,
ultimately
,
malignant
transformation
.
Intrahepatic
cholangiocarcinoma
may
be
associated
____________________
chronic
ulcerative
colitis
and
chronic
cholecystitis
.
Cholangiocarcinomas
tend
to
grow
slowly
and
to
infiltrate
the
____________________
of
the
ducts
,
dissecting
along
tissue
planes
.
Local
extension
____________________
into
the
liver
,
porta
hepatis
,
and
regional
lymph
nodes
____________________
the
celiac
and
pancreaticoduodenal
chains
.
Life
-
threatening
infection
(
cholangitis
)
may
occur
that
____________________
immediate
antibiotic
intervention
and
aggressive
biliary
drainage
.
