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1. 
Knowledge and truths passed from previous generations. Known or done because it is the way it always has been.
A.
Tradition and custom
B.
Authority
C.
Trial and error
D.
Personal Experience
2. 
Information from "experts" relied upon to guide good decisions and teach the performance of certain functions
A.
Tradition and custom
B.
Authority
C.
Trial and error
D.
Personal Experience
3. 
Trying out a successive number of ideas to solve a problem until one works
A.
Tradition and custom
B.
Authority
C.
Trial and error
D.
Personal Experience
4. 
Knowledge derived from the cumulative experiences of living. First-hand knowledge
A.
Tradition and custom
B.
Authority
C.
Trial and error
D.
Personal Experience
5. 
A 'hunch' or 'gut feeling' about a situation that is not readily explained or easily backed up by logic or facts
A.
Intuition
B.
Reasoning
C.
Research
D.
Randomisation
E.
A and C
6. 
Using the mind to work out puzzles and present ideas and plans. Thinking through an issue or problem in an objective, systematic and logical way
A.
Personal experience
B.
Intuition
C.
Reasoning
D.
Research
7. 
A systematic process used to confirm and refine existing knowledge and build new knowledge both inductively and deductively
A.
Trial and Error
B.
Reasoning
C.
Intuition
D.
Research
E.
None of the above
8. 
Reasoning that takes research from particular to general, usually qualitative research
A.
Inductive reasoning
B.
Deductive Reasoning
C.
Quasi-experimental
D.
Grounded theory
9. 
Reasoning that uses two or more variables as the basis for assuming the existence of a relationship that can be tested. Usually quantitative research
A.
Inductive reasoning
B.
Deductive Reasoning
C.
Quasi-experimental
D.
Randomisation
10. 
An evidence-based site that has a collborative approach to the evaluation of mostly qualitative evidence. It is an international collaboration involving nursing, medical and allied health researchers, clinicians, academics and quality managers across 40 countries in every continent
A.
Cochrane Collection
B.
Joanna Briggs Institute
C.
National Health and Medical Research Council
D.
The Journal of Advance Nursing
11. 
Whether the content is presented in a well-organised manner (in relation to the quality of evidence)
A.
Presentation
B.
Reliability
C.
Accuracy
D.
Adequacy
12. 
Connected with the source of the material. Consistently dependable and comes from a generally proven and trustworthy source (in relation to the quality of evidence)
A.
Currency
B.
Balance
C.
Adequacy
D.
Reliability
13. 
Associated with the content of the material. Information is the result of an active effort to confirm or verify and shows conformity to existing facts, verified through other sources (in relation to the quality of evidence)
A.
Presentation
B.
Reliability
C.
Accuracy
D.
Adequacy
14. 
The scope and depth of information presented. The information provides the reader with materials that are sufficient in scope and depth for the specific purposes of that reader. (in relation to the quality of the information)
A.
Currency
B.
Balance
C.
Adequacy
D.
Accuracy
15. 
Acknowledgement and presentation of competing points of view. Not biased. (in relation to the quality of evidence)
A.
Presentation
B.
Accuracy
C.
Balance
D.
Currency
16. 
The immediacy of the material and whether it accurately reflects ongoing changes in a particular field of study (in relation to the quality of evidence)
A.
Currency
B.
Balance
C.
Adequacy
D.
Accuracy
17. 
The 'P' in PICO stands for...
A.
Problem
B.
Population
C.
Participant
D.
All of the above
18. 
The 'I' in PICO stands for...
A.
Interferrence
B.
Intervention
C.
Incentives
D.
Independent Variable
19. 
The 'C' in PICO stands for...
A.
Completeness
B.
Collaborate
C.
Comparison
D.
Currency
20. 
The 'O' in PICO stands for...
A.
Outcomes
B.
Openness
C.
Obtain information
D.
Observe
E.
None of the above
21. 
The process of incorporating research findings into clinical nursing practice is:
A.
Research Utilization
B.
Conceptualization of research
C.
Commonsense use of research
D.
Research Practice
22. 
The main purpose of a research proposal is:
A.
To describe how the research will be carried out
B.
To obtain funds to undertake the research
C.
To have the research reviewed by an ethics committee
D.
To be able to speak about research in professional forums
23. 
An example of a peer-reviewed journal is:
A.
Australian Nursing Journal
B.
The Lamp
C.
The Lancet
D.
The Journal of Advance Nursing
E.
All of the above
24. 
What type of research is commonly referred to as the 'gold standard' in research quality?
A.
Qualitative
B.
Quantitative
C.
Mixed Methods
D.
Randomised controlled trial
25. 
If you were seeking to understand a patient's experience of nursing care when hospitalised for an elective surgical procedure, what type of research would you consider undertaking?
A.
Qualitative
B.
Quantitative
C.
Statistical analysis
D.
Quasi-experimental design
26. 
The study of lived experiences is:
A.
Validity
B.
Phenomenology
C.
Ethnography
D.
Reasoning
27. 
The extent to which an instrument measures what it says it measures is:
A.
Validity
B.
Accuracy
C.
Assessability
D.
Currency
E.
A and D
28. 
The study of cultures and subcultures is:
A.
Phenomenology
B.
Ethnography
C.
Immoralism
D.
Statistical Analysis
29. 
A systematic, objective process used to gather and analyse information that has been measured by some kind of instrument is:
A.
Qualitative Research
B.
Quantitative Research
C.
Mixed Methods Research
D.
Concurrent Research
30. 
Randomisation is:
A.
Researching information from numerous sources to develop a theory
B.
A variable that causes a change in the dependent variable
C.
An equal chance of being allocated into either the experimental or the control group of a study
D.
The study of a concept as it occurs naturally
E.
A and C
31. 
In a non-experimental design...
A.
Concepts are studied as they occur naturally
B.
No treatments or attempts are made to manipulate the independent variable
C.
The study can be descriptive or exploratory
D.
All of the above
32. 
A Quasi-experimental design is used:
A.
When it is not possible to achieve complete randomization in experimental studies
B.
When it is not possible to achieve a true control in experimental studies
C.
To determine underlying theories in a concept theory
D.
A and B only
33. 
Which variable is affected by the action of the other?
A.
Dependent Variable
B.
Independent Variable
34. 
Which variable causes a change in the other variable?
A.
Dependent Variable
B.
Independent Variable
35. 
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an experimental design?
A.
Manipulation
B.
Use of a control group
C.
Random assignment
D.
Observation of natural occurence
36. 
Qualitative research that develops theoretical propositions about identified social / psychological processes from collected data
A.
Grounded Theory
B.
Historical Method
C.
Case Study
D.
Purposive sampling
37. 
Qualitative analysis of historical events to draw additional insights or inferences about how past events affect the present
A.
Grounded Theory
B.
Historical Method
C.
Case Study
D.
Purposive sampling
38. 
In-depth research study of an individual unit (e.g. a person, family, group or other identified social unit)
A.
Grounded Theory
B.
Historical Method
C.
Case Study
D.
Purposive sampling
39. 
Technique used to provide an 'information rich' sample that is purposefully or conveniently chosen.
A.
Grounded Theory
B.
Historical Method
C.
Case Study
D.
Purposive sampling
40. 
Which of the following is NOT an example of purposive sampling?
A.
Snowball Sampling
B.
Maximum Variety
C.
Randomized
D.
Theoretical
E.
None of the above
41. 
Which of the following is NOT an example of purposive sampling?
A.
Intensity
B.
Critical Case
C.
Deviant
D.
Extreme
E.
None of the above
42. 
A agreement by a research subject to participate voluntarily in a study after being fully informed about the study and the inherent risks and benefits of participation
A.
Individual Authority
B.
Participation Approval
C.
Informed Consent
D.
Open Agreement
43. 
Use of both qualitative and quantitative survey data in a single study
A.
Mixed Methods Research
B.
Triangulation
C.
Sequential explanatory
D.
Sequential exploratory
44. 
Use of two or more data sources, investigators, methods or theories in the study of a phenomenon
A.
Mixed Methods Research
B.
Triangulation
C.
Sequential Explanatory
D.
Sequential Exploratory
45. 
Qualitative data is collected to elaborate on the quantitative findings
A.
Mixed Methods Research
B.
Triangulation
C.
Sequential Explanatory
D.
Sequential Exploratory
46. 
Quantitative data builds on qualitative findings to provide generalisability
A.
Mixed Methods Research
B.
Triangulation
C.
Sequential Explanatory
D.
Sequential Exploratory
47. 
One method of data collection guides the project, then a secondary method, of lesser priority, is embedded / nested within the first method
A.
Sequential Transformative
B.
Concurrent Triangulation
C.
Sequential Explanatory
D.
Sequential Exploratory
48. 
The theoretical perspective of the researcher guides the study and determines the order of data collection. Results from both methods are integrated together at the end of the study during the interpretation stage
A.
Sequential Transformative
B.
Concurrent Triangulation
C.
Concurrent Nested
D.
Concurrent Transformative
49. 
Qualitative and Quantitative data are collected concurrently in one phase. The data is analysed separately and then compared and/or combined.
A.
Sequential Transformative
B.
Concurrent Triangulation
C.
Concurrent Nested
D.
Concurrent Transformative
50. 
Used to confirm, cross-validate or corroborate findings. Often used to overcome a weakness in one method with the strengths of another
A.
Sequential Transformative
B.
Concurrent Triangulation
C.
Concurrent Nested
D.
Concurrent Transformative
51. 
Includes one phase of data collection in which priority is given to one approach that guides the project, while the other approach is embedded or nested into the project and provides a supporting role
A.
Sequential Transformative
B.
Concurrent Triangulation
C.
Concurrent Nested
D.
Concurrent Transformative
52. 
Involves concurrent data collection of both quantitative and qualitative data. It is guided by a theoretical perspective in the purpose or research question of the study. This perspective guides all methodological choices and the purpose is to evaluate that perspective at different levels of analysis
A.
Sequential Transformative
B.
Concurrent Triangulation
C.
Concurrent Nested
D.
Concurrent Transformative
53. 
Trial and error is a legitimate source of knowledge
A.
True
B.
False
54. 
Nursing research first took off in the United Kingdom during the 1930s
A.
True
B.
False
55. 
Quantitative Research relies on subjective viewpoints
A.
True
B.
False
56. 
Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of nursing research
A.
True
B.
False
57. 
The process of getting research evidence into practice is known as knowledge transformation.
A.
True
B.
False
58. 
Archie's system of determining effectiveness of evidence is called:
A.
The Cochrane Collaboration
B.
Evidence Based Practice
C.
Knowledge Translation
D.
The Nightinggale Model
59. 
What is the focus of contemporary nursing research?
A.
Nursing Practice
B.
Research Problems
C.
Epistemology
D.
Tradition
60. 
What is the first step in Research?
A.
Identify the Research Problem
B.
Select the research design
C.
Recruit subjects
D.
Answer the research questions
61. 
Who developed the idea of evidence based practice?
A.
Archie Cochrane
B.
Patricia Benner
C.
Lucy Osbourne
D.
Florence Nightingale
62. 
Who described five levels of acquiring nursing knowledge 'from novice to expert'?
A.
Archie Cochrane
B.
Patricia Benner
C.
Lucy Osbourne
D.
Florence Nightingale
63. 
Who established the first nursing school in Australia based on the Nightingale Model?
A.
Archie Cochrane
B.
Patricia Benner
C.
Lucy Osbourne
D.
Florence Nightingale
64. 
The study of knowledge is called:
A.
Epidemiology
B.
Epistemology
C.
Universalism
D.
Realism
65. 
In which nation did nursing first move to universities?
A.
UK
B.
Australia
C.
Germany
D.
USA
66. 
Which organisaation launched "The Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing"
A.
The Joanna Briggs Institute
B.
The International Council of Nurses
C.
The Royal Australian Nursing Federation
D.
The Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia
67. 
A researcher is proposing to randomly select a sample of 80 second year nursing students from a population of second year nursing students at a university. Where would you find the details of the procedures she is using?
A.
The methods section of a qualitative research plan
B.
The methods section of a quantitative research plan
C.
The data analysis section of a qualitative research plan
D.
The data analysis section of a quantitative research plan
68. 
In an experiment to test if the removing of tegaderm fast or slow is less painful (n=12) the ‘n’ represents:
A.
The number of tegaderm per participant
B.
The number of times the tegaderm was removed slowly
C.
The number of times the tegaderm was removed fast
D.
The number of participants
69. 
In quantitative analysis the middle score or the score where 50% of the scores are above it and 50% are below is known as the:
A.
Mean
B.
Median
C.
Mode
D.
Normal distribution