A reference to a story, song, or poem within another story, song, or poem.
Overstatement
Understatement
Word plays that are meant to be funny.
Hyperbole
A group of words that mean something totally different together than they would separately.
Two words used together that have opposite meanings
Parallelism
A phrase that intentionally downplays of something for effect.
Idioms
Extreme exaggeration for effect.
Oxymoron
A phrase or paragraph that uses the same syntax and/or vocabulary for emphasis.
Puns
A phrase that makes things bigger than they are. It can last for several sentences/minutes
Allusion