transpiration
vein
mental
gas
simple
red
osmosis
small
stomach
key
pacemaker
transpiration
systems
Phloem
bloodstream
stress
amino
guard
catalyse
cancer
proteins
salivary
Benign
tissues
lungs
trachea
aorta
translocation
platelets
fatty
open
starch
small
oxygen
stomach
uncontrolled
water
liver
left
purple
sugars
lung
alive
three
fatty
valves
liver
cells
active
black
respiration
Viruses
pancreas
storage
xylem
sugars
rashes
immune
Malignant
pulmonary
meristem
function
2
soluble
enzymes
large
leak
double
communicable
heart
hair
biological
invade
Biuret
blood
active
blood
capillary
gall
Cells
smoking
cholesterol
glycerol
blood
secondary
alkaline
starch
depression
plasma
donor
____________________
are
the
basic
building
blocks
of
all
living
organisms
.
A
tissue
is
a
group
of
____________________
with
a
similar
structure
and
____________________
.
Organs
are
aggregations
of
____________________
performing
specific
functions
.
Organs
are
organised
into
organ
____________________
,
which
work
together
to
form
organisms
.
Enzymes
____________________
specific
reactions
in
living
organisms
due
to
the
shape
of
their
____________________
site
.
The
?
lock
and
____________________
theory
?
is
a
simplified
model
to
explain
enzyme
action
.
Digestive
____________________
convert
food
into
small
____________________
molecules
that
can
be
absorbed
into
the
____________________
.
Carbohydrases
break
down
carbohydrates
to
____________________
sugars
.
Amylase
is
a
carbohydrase
which
breaks
down
____________________
.
This
is
produced
by
the
____________________
glands
,
the
pancreas
and
____________________
intestine
.
Proteases
break
down
____________________
to
____________________
acids
.
This
is
produced
by
the
____________________
,
pancreas
and
small
intestine
.
Lipases
break
down
lipids
(
fats
)
to
____________________
and
____________________
acids
.
This
is
produced
by
the
____________________
and
small
intestine
.
The
products
of
digestion
are
used
to
build
new
carbohydrates
,
lipids
and
proteins
.
Some
glucose
is
used
in
____________________
.
Bile
is
made
in
the
____________________
and
stored
in
the
____________________
bladder
.
It
is
____________________
to
neutralise
hydrochloric
acid
from
the
____________________
.
It
also
emulsifies
fat
to
form
____________________
droplets
which
increases
the
surface
area
.
The
alkaline
conditions
and
____________________
surface
area
increase
the
rate
of
fat
breakdown
by
lipase
.
Benedict
?
s
test
for
____________________
(
blue
to
____________________
)
;
iodine
test
for
____________________
(
orange
to
____________________
)
;
and
____________________
reagent
for
protein
(
blue
to
____________________
)
.
The
heart
is
an
organ
that
pumps
____________________
around
the
body
in
a
____________________
circulatory
system
.
The
right
ventricle
pumps
blood
to
the
____________________
where
gas
exchange
takes
place
.
The
____________________
ventricle
pumps
blood
around
the
rest
of
the
body
.
The
blood
vessels
associated
with
the
heart
are
the
____________________
,
vena
cava
,
____________________
artery
,
pulmonary
____________________
and
coronary
arteries
.
Parts
of
the
lungs
include
the
____________________
,
bronchi
,
alveoli
and
the
____________________
network
surrounding
the
alveoli
.
The
natural
resting
heart
rate
is
controlled
by
a
group
of
cells
located
in
the
right
atrium
that
act
as
a
____________________
.
Artificial
pacemakers
are
electrical
devices
used
to
correct
irregularities
in
the
____________________
rate
.
The
body
contains
____________________
different
types
of
blood
vessel
:
?
arteries
?
veins
?
capillaries
.
Blood
is
a
tissue
consisting
of
____________________
,
in
which
the
red
blood
cells
,
white
blood
cells
and
____________________
are
suspended
.
In
coronary
heart
disease
layers
of
____________________
material
build
up
inside
the
coronary
arteries
,
narrowing
them
.
This
reduces
the
flow
of
____________________
through
the
coronary
arteries
,
resulting
in
a
lack
of
____________________
for
the
heart
muscle
.
Stents
are
used
to
keep
the
coronary
arteries
____________________
.
Statins
are
widely
used
to
reduce
blood
____________________
levels
which
slows
down
the
rate
of
fatty
material
deposit
.
In
some
people
heart
____________________
may
become
faulty
,
preventing
the
valve
from
opening
fully
,
or
the
heart
valve
might
develop
a
____________________
.
Students
should
understand
the
consequences
of
faulty
valves
.
Faulty
heart
valves
can
be
replaced
using
____________________
or
mechanical
valves
.
In
the
case
of
heart
failure
a
____________________
heart
,
or
heart
and
lungs
can
be
transplanted
.
Artificial
hearts
are
occasionally
used
to
keep
patients
____________________
whilst
waiting
for
a
heart
transplant
,
or
to
allow
the
heart
to
rest
as
an
aid
to
recovery
.
Health
is
the
state
of
physical
and
____________________
well
-
being
.
Diseases
,
both
____________________
and
non
-
communicable
,
are
major
causes
of
ill
health
.
Other
factors
including
diet
,
____________________
and
life
situations
may
have
a
profound
effect
on
both
physical
and
mental
health
.
Different
types
of
disease
may
interact
.
?
Defects
in
the
____________________
system
mean
that
an
individual
is
more
likely
to
suffer
from
infectious
diseases
.
?
____________________
living
in
cells
can
be
the
trigger
for
cancers
.
?
Immune
reactions
initially
caused
by
a
pathogen
can
trigger
allergies
such
as
skin
____________________
and
asthma
.
?
Severe
physical
ill
health
can
lead
to
____________________
and
other
mental
illness
.
Risk
factors
are
linked
to
an
increased
rate
of
a
disease
.
They
can
be
:
?
aspects
of
a
person
?
s
lifestyle
?
substances
in
the
person
?
s
body
or
environment
.
A
causal
mechanism
has
been
proven
for
some
risk
factors
,
but
not
in
others
.
?
The
effects
of
diet
,
____________________
and
exercise
on
cardiovascular
disease
.
?
Obesity
as
a
risk
factor
for
Type
____________________
diabetes
.
?
The
effect
of
alcohol
on
the
____________________
and
brain
function
.
?
The
effect
of
smoking
on
lung
disease
and
____________________
cancer
.
?
The
effects
of
smoking
and
alcohol
on
unborn
babies
.
?
Carcinogens
,
including
ionising
radiation
,
as
risk
factors
in
____________________
.
Many
diseases
are
caused
by
the
interaction
of
a
number
of
factors
.
Cancer
is
the
result
of
changes
in
cells
that
lead
to
____________________
growth
and
division
.
____________________
tumours
are
growths
of
abnormal
cells
which
are
contained
in
one
area
,
usually
within
a
membrane
.
They
do
not
____________________
other
parts
of
the
body
.
____________________
tumour
cells
are
cancers
.
They
invade
neighbouring
tissues
and
spread
to
different
parts
of
the
body
in
the
____________________
where
they
form
____________________
tumours
.
Plant
tissues
include
:
?
epidermal
tissues
?
palisade
mesophyll
?
spongy
mesophyll
?
____________________
and
phloem
?
____________________
tissue
found
at
the
growing
tips
of
shoots
and
roots
.
The
leaf
is
a
plant
organ
.
Knowledge
limited
to
epidermis
,
palisade
and
spongy
mesophyll
,
xylem
and
phloem
,
and
____________________
cells
surrounding
stomata
.
The
roots
,
stem
and
leaves
form
a
plant
organ
system
for
transport
of
substances
around
the
plant
.
Students
should
be
able
to
describe
the
process
of
____________________
and
translocation
,
including
the
structure
and
function
of
the
stomata
.
Root
____________________
cells
are
adapted
for
the
efficient
uptake
of
water
by
____________________
,
and
mineral
ions
by
____________________
transport
.
Xylem
tissue
transports
____________________
and
mineral
ions
from
the
roots
to
the
stems
and
leaves
.
It
is
composed
of
hollow
tubes
strengthened
by
lignin
adapted
for
the
transport
of
water
in
the
____________________
stream
.
The
role
of
stomata
and
guard
cells
are
to
control
____________________
exchange
and
water
loss
.
Phloem
tissue
transports
dissolved
____________________
from
the
leaves
to
the
rest
of
the
plant
for
immediate
use
or
____________________
.
The
movement
of
food
molecules
through
phloem
tissue
is
called
____________________
.
____________________
is
composed
of
tubes
of
elongated
cells
.
Cell
sap
can
move
from
one
phloem
cell
to
the
next
through
pores
in
the
end
walls
.