Atrophy of salivary glands
Decreased GI muscle tone
Decreased size and blood flow to liver
Decreased BMR
Delay in oesophageal emptying, altered oesophageal sphincter function
Decreased ability to swallow Decreased gastric acid secretions
Decreased calcium absorption
Altered bone formation
Delay in vitamin and drug absorption Predisposed to indigestion, aspiration
Dry membranes prone to injury Decreased thirst sensation
Change in nutritional intake
Altered motility Predisposed to constipation
Altered energy utilisation
Decreased liver storage capacity Increased vulnerability to toxins Adverse drug reactions
