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Jouer Froggy Jumps
1. What is the main function of the heart?
A
Digesting food
B
Pumping blood throughout the body
C
Producing hormones
2. Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
A
Left atrium
B
Right ventricle
C
Right atrium
3. What is the name of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle?
A
Mitral valve
B
Pulmonary valve
C
Tricuspid valve
4. What is the term for the contraction phase of the heart's cycle?
A
Diastole
B
Arrhythmia
C
Systole
5. Which blood vessels supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself?
A
Coronary arteries
B
Carotid arteries
C
Pulmonary arteries
6. What is the pacemaker of the heart called?
A
Purkinje fibers
B
AV node (atrioventricular node)
C
SA node (sinoatrial node)
7. What is the outermost layer of the heart called?
A
Endocardium
B
Myocardium
C
Epicardium
8. Which part of the heart is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs for oxygenation?
A
Left atrium
B
Right atrium
C
Right ventricle
9. What is the term for the relaxation phase of the heart's cycle?
A
Bradycardia
B
Diastole
C
Systole
10. What is the average resting heart rate for adults?
A
60-100 beats per minute
B
20-40 beats per minute
C
120-150 beats per minute
11. What is the primary imaging modality used in echocardiography?
A
X-ray
B
MRI
C
Ultrasound
12. Which type of echocardiography provides a 3D view of the heart?
A
Transesophageal echocardiography
B
Doppler echocardiography
C
3D echocardiography
13. What does the term 'echogenicity' refer to in echocardiography?
A
The heart rate
B
The ability of a tissue to produce echoes
C
The size of the heart
14. Which of the following is NOT a type of echocardiography?
A
Transthoracic echocardiography
B
CT angiography
C
Stress echocardiography
15. What does the 'M-mode' in echocardiography stand for?
A
Motion mode
B
Mapping mode
C
Measurement mode
16. Which chamber of the heart is typically visualized first in an echocardiogram?
A
Aortic arch
B
Left atrium
C
Right ventricle
17. What is the purpose of color Doppler in echocardiography?
A
To visualize blood flow direction and velocity
B
To assess heart size
C
To measure heart rate
18. What is the standard view used to assess the mitral valve in echocardiography?
A
Subcostal view
B
Parasternal long-axis view
C
Apical four-chamber view
19. Which condition can be diagnosed using stress echocardiography?
A
Valvular heart disease
B
Heart failure
C
Coronary artery disease
20. What is the main advantage of transesophageal echocardiography over transthoracic echocardiography?
A
Better image quality due to closer proximity to the heart
B
Lower cost
C
Faster scan time
21. What does the PR interval represent in an ECG?
A
Time from atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization
B
Time from atrial repolarization to ventricular depolarization
C
Time from ventricular depolarization to repolarization
22. Which wave represents ventricular depolarization on an ECG?
A
P wave
B
T wave
C
QRS complex
23. What does the QT interval represent in an ECG?
A
Time from ventricular depolarization to repolarization
B
Time from atrial repolarization to ventricular depolarization
C
Time from atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization
24. What is the normal duration of the PR interval in milliseconds?
A
220-250 ms
B
120-200 ms
C
80-100 ms
25. Which wave represents atrial depolarization on an ECG?
A
P wave
B
T wave
C
QRS complex
26. What is the normal duration of the QRS complex in milliseconds?
A
150-200 ms
B
less than 120 ms
C
200-250 ms
27. What does the ST segment represent in an ECG?
A
Time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization
B
Time between atrial depolarization and ventricular depolarization
C
Time between atrial repolarization and ventricular depolarization
28. Which wave represents ventricular repolarization on an ECG?
A
QRS complex
B
T wave
C
P wave
29. What is the normal duration of the QT interval in milliseconds?
A
less than 440 ms
B
600-700 ms
C
500-600 ms
30. What does the T wave represent in an ECG?
A
Ventricular depolarization
B
Atrial depolarization
C
Ventricular repolarization
31. What is the primary indication for transthoracic echo in patients with suspected valvular heart disease?
A
Assessment of valve morphology and function
B
Assessment of lung function
C
Evaluation of coronary artery disease
32. In patients with suspected heart failure, what does transthoracic echo help assess?
A
Pulmonary artery pressure
B
Right atrial pressure
C
Left ventricular function
33. What is a common indication for transthoracic echo in patients with suspected infective endocarditis?
A
Detection of vegetations on heart valves
B
Assessment of aortic dissection
C
Evaluation of pericardial effusion
34. In patients with suspected pericardial effusion, what does transthoracic echo help visualize?
A
Pericardial fluid accumulation
B
Aortic root dilation
C
Pulmonary artery diameter
35. For patients with suspected aortic stenosis, what can transthoracic echo provide information on?
A
Aortic valve area and gradient
B
Pulmonary artery pressure
C
Right ventricular function
36. What is a key indication for transthoracic echo in patients with suspected cardiomyopathy?
A
Assessment of ventricular size and function
B
Evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation
C
Detection of pericardial effusion
37. In patients with suspected intracardiac masses, what can transthoracic echo help identify?
A
Coronary artery anomalies
B
Presence and characteristics of the mass
C
Pulmonary artery pressure
38. What is a common indication for transthoracic echo in patients with suspected congenital heart disease?
A
Detection of myocardial infarction
B
Assessment of cardiac anatomy and function
C
Evaluation of pulmonary embolism
39. For patients with suspected pericardial tamponade, what does transthoracic echo help detect?
A
Pericardial effusion causing hemodynamic compromise
B
Mitral valve regurgitation
C
Aortic dissection
40. What is a key indication for transthoracic echo in patients with suspected aortic regurgitation?
A
Assessment of aortic valve structure and regurgitant jet
B
Evaluation of tricuspid stenosis
C
Detection of atrial septal defect
41. Which imaging modality uses sound waves to create images of the heart?
A
MRI
B
Echocardiography
C
X-ray
42. Which imaging modality provides real-time images of the heart?
A
PET scan
B
CT scan
C
Echocardiography
43. Which imaging modality uses radioisotopes to evaluate heart function?
A
Ultrasound
B
Nuclear imaging
C
Angiography
44. Which imaging modality is used to assess blood flow in the heart?
A
Echocardiography
B
Doppler echocardiography
C
CT angiography
45. Which imaging modality is commonly used to visualize coronary arteries?
A
Echocardiography
B
MRI
C
Coronary angiography
46. Which imaging modality is used to evaluate heart muscle viability?
A
Echocardiography
B
Nuclear imaging
C
Cardiac MRI
47. Which imaging modality is used to detect calcium deposits in the heart?
A
Echocardiography
B
CT scan
C
PET scan
48. Which imaging modality is used to assess heart valve function?
A
X-ray
B
Transesophageal echocardiography
C
MRI
49. Which imaging modality is used to evaluate pulmonary artery pressures?
A
Echocardiography
B
CT angiography
C
Right heart catheterization
50. Which imaging modality is used to assess myocardial perfusion?
A
Angiography
B
Myocardial perfusion imaging
C
Echocardiography
51. Which artery supplies blood to the right atrium and right ventricle?
A
Right coronary artery
B
Left coronary artery
C
Circumflex artery
52. Which vessel branches off the left main coronary artery?
A
Circumflex artery
B
Right coronary artery
C
Left anterior descending artery
53. What is the main function of the coronary arteries?
A
Regulate blood pressure
B
Filter impurities from blood
C
Supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
54. Which coronary artery is known as the 'widowmaker'?
A
Right coronary artery
B
Left anterior descending artery
C
Circumflex artery
55. Which coronary artery supplies blood to the left atrium and left ventricle?
A
Right coronary artery
B
Left anterior descending artery
C
Left circumflex artery
56. What is the most common cause of coronary artery disease?
A
Arrhythmia
B
Hypertension
C
Atherosclerosis
57. Which coronary artery is often associated with the posterior descending artery?
A
Right coronary artery
B
Left anterior descending artery
C
Left circumflex artery
58. Which part of the heart does the left main coronary artery primarily supply?
A
Right side of the heart
B
Left side of the heart
C
Front of the heart
59. What is the term for the network of small blood vessels that provide collateral circulation to the heart?
A
Systemic circulation
B
Pulmonary circulation
C
Coronary collateral circulation
60. Which coronary artery is more commonly dominant in the heart's blood supply?
A
Left coronary artery
B
Right coronary artery
C
Circumflex artery