A discussion
A debate
An argument
Conversation
A chat
is a disagreement, sometimes involving anger or shouting.
is a neutral word meaning a talk between two or more people about one or more subjects.
is an informal conversation between people who know each other. It is usually friendly and relaxed.
is a formal argument between two people or teams with opposing viewpoints. It usually follows a set of rules.
is a formal conversation about a particular topic. It is usually a sharing of views, not a disagreement.