negative structure
The action started in the past and continues...
The time for carrying out the action has not ended. For example:
How many structures does the present perfect have?
short form
interrogative structure
what is the affirmative structure?
Auxiliary verb (have/has)+Subject+Verb in participle+Complement
They have gone to swim twice a week
affirmative, negative and interrogative
Subject+Auxiliary verb (have/has)+Verb in participle+Complement
Subject+Auxiliar verb+Short form+Verb in participle
Subject+auxiliary verb (have)+Not+Verb in participle+Complement
in the present