TCA: English: Graham's Hierarchy/Dsgmt

name-calling

refutation

contradiction

refuting the central point

counterargument

responding to tone

ad hominem

finds the mistake and explains why it's mistaken using quotes

criticizes the tone of the writing without addressing the substance of the argument

contradicts and then backs it up with reasoning

explicitly refutes the central point

attacks the characteristics or authority of the writer without addressing the substance of the argument

states the opposite case with little or no supporting evidence

sounds something like, "You are just a clown."