responding to tone
ad hominem
name-calling
contradiction
refuting the central point
refutation
counterargument
states the opposite case with little or no supporting evidence
explicitly refutes the central point
sounds something like, "You are just a clown."
finds the mistake and explains why it's mistaken using quotes
contradicts and then backs it up with reasoning
criticizes the tone of the writing without addressing the substance of the argument
attacks the characteristics or authority of the writer without addressing the substance of the argument