Compléter SPAIN IN THE XX: THE SECOND REPUBLIC, THE CIVIL WAR AND THE DICTATORSHIP, SPAIN SINCE 1975Version en ligne SPAIN IN THE XX: THE SECOND REPUBLIC, THE CIVIL WAR AND THE DICTATORSHIP, SPAIN SINCE 1975 par JAVIER ZAMORANO PEREZ 1 constitution second social abdicate vote coup Cristina dictatorship democracy political military 1939 president Alfonso Francisco 1975 Rivera successor Transition Suárez 1978 Primo de Adolfo Franco King XII María July Republic died in 1885 and Spain was ruled by his wife until her son Alfonso was 16 . During Alfonso XIII ? s reign , Spain experienced and conflicts : nationalist in Cataluña and Pais Vasco , many strikes by the workers , the conflicts because of the colonies in Morocco . . . There was a in 1923 and , with the support of Alfonso XIII , established a dictatorship until 1930 . The was proclaimed in 1931 . Manuel Azaña became . There was a constitution and Spain bacame a ( all men and women could ) . There two main political groups that divided Spain into left and right people . In 1936 a military coup against 2nd Republic began in the Spanish Morocco . Its leader was General and quickly took control of areas in Spain ( Nationalists ) . The other areas were controlled by the Second Republic ( Republicans ) . The war ended in and as a result of the Nationalist victory Franco established a right - wing . Franco was the head of state and the government . He named Juan Carlos de Borbón as his . He died in and Juan Carlos I was . In 1975 Spain was a democracy . A new was proclaimed in and important reforms were introduced . This period is known as The and the prime minister was . In 2014 Juan Carlos I on his son that became Felipe VI .