1
(3 words) These are organised groups of criminals who gather in a particular place who plot to commit acts of terror. Many of these continued to grow in desert northwest Africa in the last decade (p220)
2
(3 words, also initials) 1947, reorganisation of federal government to meet Cold War threats by centralizing control over all branches of the military in a new Department of Defense (the Pentagon) and creating the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency. (p212)
3
(2 words) The revision of the Monroe Doctrine in 1904 following the intervention of a Panama-Colombia conflict regarding building and controlling a canal, justifying intervening in the internal affairs of Latin American nations if their politics or economies became unstable, while banning European intervention (p207)
4
(3 words, first two hyphenated) The revelation that some of Reagan’s officials had secretly sold weapons to Iran and used the profits to aid the right-wing Contra rebels in their guerrilla war against the Sandinista government of Nicaragua after Congress had cut off funding for them. (p215)
5
(3 words) The __ __ __ acts (1798) were directed against foreign subversives who might undermine the nation from within. Fear of French sympathisers inspired the Acts, which allowed the president and courts to fine, imprison or deport any foreigner who seemed a danger to national security. (p204)
6
(compound noun) Critics actively opposed to overseas expansion, resulting in Cuba not being annexed and the Philippines being promised their freedom in 1916 (although gaining it in 1934). They said that the balance of power between president and Congress was too unequal and oppression was unnecessary to gain access to foreign markets. (p207)
7
(2 words) This view emphasized that after 2000, armed conflicts would be protracted and continuous, and the US military’s role more complex, involving less frequent use of force and more negotiation and empowerment of local allies in “stability operations”. (p219)
8
(2 words) The Department of __ __ was the consolidation of the 45 separate national security and intelligence-gathering units in 2002. (p223)
9
(2 words) The popularization of America’s apparently inevitable, divinely determined fate to expand to the Pacific in the 1840s (p206)
10
(2 words) Its opposition to outside meddling in Latin America’s affairs: Non-colonization (against new colonies being created), non-intervention (demanding Eurpoean powers not to be involved in New World nations), non-interference (accepting the presence of the remaining European colonies) (p205)
11
The belief that America’s foreign affairs, unlike those of other nations, are not self-interested but are based on a mission to offer the world a better form of society characterized by the ideals of “the American creed”: the US version of a republican form of government, economic and political freedom, egalitarian social relations and democracy. (p201)
12
(2 words) President Woodrow Wilson and the public needed to believe they were entering the 1st world war for high moral reasons rather than the country’s economic interests, which appealed to the tradition of the American mission to create a new world order. All nations’ right to self determination. set of international principles for governing international conduct after the war. (p208)
13
(2 words) 1947, President Truman during a conference asked for funds to fight communist aggression in Turkey and Greece. The US had to follow a policy of containment to prevent communist expansion anywhere in the world. (p211)
14
Immigrants’ wish to avoid or cultivate contacts with former homelands, the belief they could withdraw from involvement with the rest of the world and focus on deomestic affairs, its expansion accross the continent being another excuse. (p200)
15
(2 words)The funding of the economic revival of Europe. 15 billion dollars were spent on the program while it was in effect from 1948 to 1951.
16
The belief that only a nation spanning the continent could effectively isolate itself from external threats, or of extending the benefits of democracy to less advanced peoples, racists believing that Native Americans were inferior and had to be confined, conquered or at least dominated. (p206)
17
Occurring around the turn of the 20th century via hard power to impose its control on overseas peoples, both formally (through colonization, annexation and military occupation) and informally (through military threats, economic domination and political subversion). (p207)
18
(2 words) When Europe’s nations divided sharply over the approach to war with Iraq, most former __ __ countries were prominent in their agreement with the US position and later sent considerable numbers of troops and equipment as part of George W Bush’s “coalition of the willing”. (p216)
19
Senator Joseph XXX’s hunt for Americans in the 1950s that were involved in “un-American activities” as spies or tools of the Soviets led to blatant accusations against government officials and Hollywood stars. Supporters merely exploited the public anxieties built up by the Cold War and the threat of nuclear destruction. (p213)
20
(2 words) A term coined by Barack Obama and Hilary Clinton using talk and negotiations to redress the balance following the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. (p200)
21
(2 words) Intended to contain communism in Asia, it was the first XXX the US had lost since the XXX of 1812, producing protests at home and widespread Anti-American demonstrations abroad(p214)
22
(2 words) Coined by scientist Joseph S Nye, attracting support by example, ideals and diplomacy. (p200)
23
(2 words) Achieving support and goals through economic sanctions and military threats or force (p200)
24
a situation in which one state or country controls others, i.e. what the European powers assumed they could legally do over the Native Americans with the right to their homelands (p205)
25
In Washington’s _____ address in 1786 he stated the existing policy in general terms: its main principle consited of avoiding political and military alliances while cultivating trading relations with other countries, reminding them of its uniqueness and resulting need for unilateral action.
26
The USA __ Act was the Bush administration’s chief anti-terrorism law which entailed high financial burdens and serious limitations on individuals’ civil liberties. (p219-220)
27
In the 1970s, president Nixon initiated this policy, meaning peaceful coexistence (i.e. the easing of strained political relations) (p214)
28
(2 words) In 1991, the USSR and the USA condemned the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait in the United Nations and joined in contributing forces to drive Saddam Hussein’s troops back to Iraq. (p214)
29
The __ Conference took place in February 1945. Roosevelt won Stalin’s and Churchill’s support for the UN. (p211)
