Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal System


Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 Bones 2 The Skeletal System 3 Tendons 4 Marrow 5 Synovial 6 Cartilaginous 7 Cartilage 8 Joints 9 Ligaments 10 Fibrous Solid CT, 206 Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles freely movable joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) 1 Framework 2 Functions of Bone 3 Site of Hematopoiesis 4 Storage 5 Protection 6 Movement Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement 1 Flat Bones 2 Short Bones 3 Long Bones 4 Classification of Bone 5 Irregular Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Elongated; upper and lower limbs Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella 1 Diaphysis 2 Medullary Cavity 3 Epiphyseal Line 4 Articular Cartilage 5 Periosteum 6 Macroanatomy of Bones 7 Epiphysis remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends 1 Cells 2 Osteoclasts 3 Spongy Bone 4 Extracellular Matrix 5 Organic ECM 6 Osteocytes 7 Osteoblasts 8 Inorganic ECM 9 Microanatomy of Bones 10 Osteogenic Cells 11 Compact Bone Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts break down/resorb bone (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) bone stem cells capable of differentiation Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines 2 components: Organic & Inorganic 1 Syndesmoses 2 Examples of Synovial Joints 3 Symphyses 4 Joint (Articulation) 5 Cartilaginous Joints 6 Fibrous Joints 7 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 8 Types of Fibrous Joints 9 Synchondroses 10 Synovial Joints 11 Gomphoses 12 Sutures Synchondroses & Symphyses Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength bones connected by cartilage pads tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) lock bones together with dense fibers have hyaline cartilage between the bones Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck

1

Bones

2

The Skeletal System

3

Tendons

4

Marrow

5

Synovial

6

Cartilaginous

7

Cartilage

8

Joints

9

Ligaments

10

Fibrous

Solid CT, 206

Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints

Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow

allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles

freely movable joints

consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together

3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone

Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints)

1

Framework

2

Functions of Bone

3

Site of Hematopoiesis

4

Storage

5

Protection

6

Movement

Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity

guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs)

Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage,

stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow

blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow

Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement

1

Flat Bones

2

Short Bones

3

Long Bones

4

Classification of Bone

5

Irregular Bones

Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull

Elongated; upper and lower limbs

Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones

Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs

Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella

1

Diaphysis

2

Medullary Cavity

3

Epiphyseal Line

4

Articular Cartilage

5

Periosteum

6

Macroanatomy of Bones

7

Epiphysis

remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults

tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons

long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles

Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum

hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock

hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children)

expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends

1

Cells

2

Osteoclasts

3

Spongy Bone

4

Extracellular Matrix

5

Organic ECM

6

Osteocytes

7

Osteoblasts

8

Inorganic ECM

9

Microanatomy of Bones

10

Osteogenic Cells

11

Compact Bone

Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts

break down/resorb bone

(calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone)

bone stem cells capable of differentiation

Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact

mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae

(dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone)

(mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones

(“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones

build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines

2 components: Organic & Inorganic

1

Syndesmoses

2

Examples of Synovial Joints

3

Symphyses

4

Joint (Articulation)

5

Cartilaginous Joints

6

Fibrous Joints

7

Types of Cartilaginous Joints

8

Types of Fibrous Joints

9

Synchondroses

10

Synovial Joints

11

Gomphoses

12

Sutures

Synchondroses & Symphyses

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule

fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock

between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other

Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses

allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength

bones connected by cartilage pads

tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process)

lock bones together with dense fibers

have hyaline cartilage between the bones

Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck

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