The
?
tutor
?
view
sees
software
as
having
a
teacher
?
built
?
in
,
so
there
will
be
instructions
,
support
and
feedback
in
the
material
itself
.
The
____________________
metaphor
sees
the
computer
at
the
control
of
the
learner
and
thus
requires
the
user
to
programme
the
computer
in
some
way
.
The
concept
of
?
tool
?
is
adapted
from
more
generic
software
.
This
is
the
kind
of
software
we
might
use
on
a
daily
basis
,
a
word
processor
,
or
a
Web
browser
,
or
other
tools
that
enable
us
to
complete
a
specific
task
.
The
____________________
____________________
they
referred
to
occurs
in
all
kinds
of
software
,
from
word
processors
to
programmes
designed
to
actually
teach
reading
.
It
occurs
in
the
instructions
,
in
the
menus
,
in
the
help
files
.
All
of
these
actions
require
reading
skills
,
and
the
learners
are
exposed
to
written
language
without
being
conscious
of
it
.
With
____________________
____________________
it
is
very
easy
to
get
computers
to
replicate
traditional
reading
comprehension
exercises
including
wh
-
questions
,
true
or
false
or
multiple
choice
.
Such
tasks
may
be
part
of
language
teaching
software
or
provided
by
publishers
on
web
sites
accompanying
coursebooks
;
they
may
also
be
developed
by
the
teacher
.
____________________
____________________
involves
the
?
degrading
?
of
a
text
in
some
way
,
requiring
the
learner
to
?
restore
?
it
to
its
whole
.
This
works
on
the
basis
of
a
template
.
A
text
is
typed
into
the
computer
software
,
and
the
software
applies
a
systematic
manipulation
to
that
text
.
